The All India Services are the three all India civil services of India namely the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the Indian Police Service (IPS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFoS).[1]
The recruitment to these services is made through the Union Public Service Commission on the basis of the annual Civil Services Examination, a competitive civil service exam. This is intended to insulate the civil service from political influences and prevent the development of a patronage system.
The officers of the All India Services are recruited and trained by the federal Union Government ("the Centre") and serve in the various State Governments ("the States") as well as Centre (which is why the Indian Revenue Service is a "central service" instead of an All India Service as they work only in the Central Government). Officers are organized into cadres, derived from the states they are allotted to work in for as long as they continue to be a member of the respective Service. Twenty-four states have their own cadre, but there are also three joint cadres: Assam-Meghalaya, Manipur-Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram-Union Territories (AGMUT).
The All India Services Act 1951 empowers the government of India to make, after consultation with state governments, rules for the regulation of recruitment and conditions of service of the persons appointed to an All India Service. Nature of Work
Responsibilities vary with the seniority of the civil servant. Junior officers begin with probation and move up in the hierarchy. At the district level the responsibilities are concerned with district matters as well as all developmental affairs while at the divisional level the responsibilities focus on law and order also. Policy framing is carried on at the central level.
There are State Cadres and the Officers of All India Services (AIS) - Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service and Indian Forest Service - are divided into State cadres. When on probation the All India Service (AIS) Officers are allocated to their States. Officers of AIS working with the Central Government are posted on deputation for some years. The AIS officers in a State cadre may be original residents of that State but almost 2/3 of all officers are from out side the state. The AIS officer cannot demand his home State cadre but may put in request for being considered for the home cadre. Generally once allotted to a State, an officer for his whole service stays with that State cadre.
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All India Services are controlled by the Central Government. Selected candidates are appointed to different state cadres and as and when required they also move to Central Government jobs on deputation.
IAS Officers are trained to handle government affairs. This being the main responsibility, every civil servant is assigned to a particular office which deals with policy matters pertaining to that area. The policy matters are framed, modified, interpreted in this office under the direct supervision of the Administrative Officer in consultation with the Minister. The implementation of policies is also done on the advice of the Officer. Cabinet Secretary stands at the top of the government machinery involved in Policy making followed by Secretary/Additional Secretary, Joint Secretary, Director, Under Secretary and Junior Scale Officers in that order. These appointments are filled by civil servants according to seniority in the Civil Services. In the process of decision making, a number of officers give their views to the Minister who weighs the matter and makes a decision considering the issue involved.
The implementation process involves supervision and touring. The allocation of enormous funds to and by the field officers calls for supervision and the officials concerned have to reply to queries made in the Parliament for which they must remain well informed.
The civil servant has also to represent the Government in another country or in International forums. At the level of Deputy Secretary, he is even authorized to sign agreements on behalf of the Government.
A civil servant begins his career in the state with 2 years in probation. This period is spent at training schools, Secretariat, field offices or in a District Magistrate’s office. He is given the position of Sub-Magistrate and has to look after the law and order and general administration including developmental work in the area under his charge. After the probation and 2 years of services as a junior scale officer, the officer is put in the senior scale. Then he may function as District Magistrate, Managing Director of a Public Enterprise or Director of a Department. Senior Time Scale comprises the Senior grade, Junior Administrative Grade and the Selection Grade. Selection Grade is given on promotion after 13 years of regular service and officers are then assigned as Secretaries/Special Secretaries to the State Government. The next promotion within the State is that of a Commissioner & Secretary. This promotion also entitles them to the Super Time Scale.Then after 25 years of regular service an IAS officer may be promoted to Above super time scale who is designated as Principal Secretaries/Financial Commissioners in some states
Each State has many Secretaries/Principal Secretaries and only one Chief Secretary. Some appointments of Secretaries are considered more prestigious than others, e.g., the Finance Secretary, Development Commissioners, Home Secretary and hence they enjoy the salary of a Principal Secretary. Chief Secretary in the State is the top ranking civil servant and may be assisted by Additional Chief secretaries.In some cadres/States eg. New Delhi, Financial Commissioner and other high ranking secretaries enjoy the pay of the Chief Secretary .
In the District, the Senior most person is the Collector or Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate. The DM/Collector/DC handle the affairs of the District including development functions. He necessarily tours all rural sectors inspecting specific projects, disputed sites and looks into the problems of people on the spot also.
At the divisional level, the Divisional Commissioner is in charge of his division. His role is to oversee law and order and general administration and developmental work. Appeals against the Divisional Commissioner are heard by the Chairman of the Board of Revenue.
The Indian Forest Service was created in 1966 for protection, conservation, and regeneration of forest resources.
India was one of the first countries in the world to introduce scientific forest management. In 1864, the British Raj established the Imperial Forest Department. In 1866 Dr. Dietrich Brandis, a German forest officer, was appointed Inspector General of Forests. The Imperial Forestry Service was organized subordinate to the Imperial Forest Department in 1867. The British colonial government also constituted provincial forest services and executive and subordinate services similar to the forest administrative hierarchy used today.
Officers appointed from 1867 to 1885 were trained in Germany and France, and from 1885 to 1905 at Cooper's Hill, London, a noted professional colleges of forestry. From 1905 to 1926, the University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, and University of Edinburgh had undertaken the task of training Imperial Forestry Service officers.
From 1927 to 1932, forest officers were trained at the Imperial Forest Research Institute (FRI) at Dehradun, which had been established in 1906. The Indian Forest College (IFC) was established in the 1938 at Dehradun, and officers recruited to the Superior Forest Service by the states and provinces were trained there. Forestry, which was managed by the federal government until then, was transferred to the "provincial list" by the Government of India Act 1935, and recruitment to the Imperial Forestry Service was subsequently discontinued.
The modern Indian Forest Service was established in the year 1966, after independence, under the All India Services Act 1951. The first Inspector General of Forests, Hari Singh, was instrumental in the development of the IFS.
India has an area of 635,400 km2 designated as forests, about 19.32 percent of the country. India's forest policy was created in 1894 and revised in 1952 and again in 1988.
The Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service more popularly known as the IPS, is responsible for internal security, public safety and law and order. In 1948, a year after India gained independence from Britain, the Imperial Police (IP) was replaced by the Indian Police Service. The IPS is not a law enforcement agency in its own right; rather it is the body to which all senior police officers belong regardless of the agency for whom they work.
The IPS officer takes charge as an Assistant Superintendent of Police of a Sub-division after probation of 2 years. The tenure of this post is normally 2 years. The next appointment is as Additional Superintendent of Police and then as Superintendent of Police or Deputy Commissioner of Police and then as Deputy Inspector General of Police or Additional Commissioner of Police, Inspector General of Police and finally, Director General of Police.
IPS officers also work in the national government agencies such as Intelligence Bureau, Research and Analysis Wing, Central Bureau of Investigation, etc. IPS officers also get highly placed in the Central Secretariat or the other protective forces such as Director General of Border Security Force, the Central Reserve Police Force and the Central Industrial Security Force, etc.
The Director General of Police or Commissioner of Police is the head of the entire police force of the State or Metropolitan City (e.g. Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkatta, etc.) and below him is the Additional DGP/Special Police Commissioner. The Inspector General or Joint Commissioner of Police is at the head of certain specialised police force like Criminal Investigation Department, Special Branch, etc.
Scale Position/Job (Pre-Revised)
Junior Officer Scale Work in their allotted States
(PB-3 15600 - 39100 + GP 5400 )
Senior Scale Officer (Under Secretary GOI level)
(PB-3 15600 - 39100 + GP 6600)
Junior Administrative Grade (after 9 years Deputy Secretary GOI level)
(PB-3 15600 - 39100 + GP 7600)
Selection Grade (after 14th year) (Directors/Deputy Secretary)
(PB-4 37400 - 67000 + 8700)
Super time Scale B (DIG grade(IPS)/Conservator of Forest(IFS) etc)
(between 14 to 16th year of service)
(PB-4 37400 - 67000 + 8900)
Super Time Scale or Senior Administrative Grade (Joint Secretary GOI Level)
(between 17th to 18th year)
(PB-4 37400 - 67000 + 10000)
Above Super Time Scale or Higher Administrative Grade/Additional Secretary GOI Level
(after at least 25 years of service)
(67000 - annual increment @3% -79000)
Apex Time Scale (75000 - annual increment @3% -80000) (This scale exist for certain services like IPS/IFS/IA & AS/IRS etc)
Apex Scale 80000 (fixed) (Secretary GOI Level)
(after 30 years of service)
Consolidated 90000 (fixed) Cabinet Secretary ( Only for IAS one post at the Centre)
GOI* : Government of India/Centre
| S No | Indian Police Service (state) | Indian Forest Service (State) | Indian Revenue Service (Union) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Assistant Superintendent of Police | Assistant Conservator of Forest | Assistant Commissioner Income Tax |
| 2 | Additional Superintendent of Police/Superintendent of Police | Deputy Conservator of Forest | Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax |
| 3 | Senior Superintendent of Police | Deputy Conservator of Forest | Joint Commissioner of Income Tax |
| 4 | Deputy Inspector General of Police | Conservator of Forest | Additional Commissioner of Income Tax |
| 5 | Inspector General of Police | Chief Conservator of Forest | Commissioner of Income Tax |
| 6 | Additional Director General of Police | Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest | Chief Commissioner of Income tax |
| 7 | Director General of Police | Principal Chief Conservator of Forest | Director General of Income Tax/Chief Commissioner of Income Tax |
| 8 | Secretary (Forest) only held by IAS | CBDT Chairman/Board Chairman etc |
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